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DOCUMENTATION_FORMAT: PLANT
SAMPLE_ID: L02-077
PLANT_TYPE: Mixed rangeland shrubs, grasses, and forbs
PLANT: Western wheatgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, prairie Junegrass, common yarrow, and others with <5% cover
LATIN_NAME: Pascopyrum smithii, Poa pratensis, Koeleria macrantha, Achillea millefolium, and others with <5% cover
COLLECTION_LOCALITY: Left Hand Creek, in the Grass Creek Management area of the Bureau of Land Management, is located in central Wyoming, approximately 20 miles northwest of Thermopolis, Wyoming
COLLECTION_LATITUDE: 43 deg. 54.816 min. N
COLLECTION_LONGITUDE: 108 deg. 49.649 min. W
DATUM: NAD83
ORIGINAL_DONOR: Raymond F. Kokaly, USGS
SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION:
This spectrum is the average reflectance for an area of rangeland covered by mixed shrubs, grasses and forbs as detailed in this description of site number L02-077.
Collection Date
The reflectance data were collected on 8-Jul-2002.
Site Vegetation Description
The total vegetation cover on this site was 33%. The following table shows the percent cover by cover class:
Cover Category, Sub-Category Cover (%) _____________________________ ____________________________ Vegetation, Total Cover 33 Vegetation, Tree 0 Vegetation, Shrub 0 Vegetation, Grass 28 Vegetation, Forb 5 Non-vegetation, Total Cover 67 Non-vegetation, Litter 33 Non-vegetation, Bare 34 Non-vegetation, Other 0 _____________________________ ____________________________
The following table shows the cover by shrub species in the site (for shrubs with greater than 2% cover):
Shrub Species Cover (%) Avg. Height (cm) _____________________________________ ____________ __________________ none _____________________________________ ____________ __________________
The following table shows the cover by grass species in the site (for grasses with greater than 2% cover):
Grass Species Cover (%) _____________________________________ _____________ Pascopyrum smithii 9 Poa pratensis 7 Koeleria macrantha 6 Festuca idahoensis 4 _____________________________________ _____________
The following table shows the cover by forb species in the site (for forbs with greater than 2% cover):
Forb Species Cover (%) _____________________________________ _____________ Achillea millefolium 5 _____________________________________ _____________
Field Observations
The plot contains burned juniper and sagebrush.
Site Orientation
The average elevation over the area of the site is 1979 meters (6492 feet). The average slope of the site is 13 percent, with a West aspect of 283 degrees.
Site Burn History
Part of the area of this plot has recently burned (since 1996).
Site Location, Dimensions, and Vegetation Sampling
The center coordinates of this rangeland plot are 43 deg. 54.816 min. N, 108 deg. 49.649 min. W (datum is NAD83). The diameter of this circular vegetation plot was 15.2 meters. Within this plot, four subplots of 0.5 meter diameter were established 5 meters from the center at the four cardinal directions (north, east, south and west). Within these subplots, grass and forb species were identified and associated percent cover of each were visually estimated. Litter cover and the percent area of bare ground were also visually estimated. For each shrub in the larger plot, the species was identified, the lateral dimensions were measured, and the height was measured. The cover of trees, shrubs, grasses, forbs, litter and bare ground were calculated from the full plot and subplot measurements. Field identifications of Tetradymia canescens (winterfat) were inconsistent between the 2003 and 2004 field seasons. In 2003, some shrubs were identified as Chrysothamnus nauseosus (gray rabbitbrush) and Krascheninnikovia lanata (winterfat). Later, it was determined that some of these shrubs were incorrectly identified and it was decided to label them all as Tetradymia canescens.
Spectral Measurement Procedures
This spectrum is the average of 140 measurements made throughout site L02-077. These spectra were collected using an ASD Full Range Field Pro spectrometer in reflectance mode, relative to a Spectralon reference panel. While walking through the site, the fiber optic cable was pointed at nadir (straight down) at approximately shoulder height. The instrument was programmed to record 6 second averages of reflectance while moving through the site (thus, each recorded spectrum was an average of 60 individual measurements). These recorded spectra were examined for artifacts due to low signal:noise, detector offsets and atmospheric contamination. Those spectra with large artifacts were not included in further processing. An average of the remaining 140 spectra was computed. This average spectrum was converted to absolute reflectance by multiplying by the reflectance spectrum of the Spectralon reference panel. The following channels were deleted (set to a value of -1.23e+34) from the spectrum because of remaining artifacts: 1-6, 410-413, 576-592, 761-801, 1006-1051, 1441-1591, 2111-2151 (corresponding to the wavelength ranges of 0.350-0.355, 0.759-0.762, 0.925-0.941, 1.110-1.150, 1.355-1.400, 1.790-1.940, and 2.460-2.510 microns).
Left Hand Creek General Description
The Left Hand Creek Study area is in central Wyoming, located 20 miles northwest of Thermopolis, Wyoming in the "Grass Creek Management Area," managed by the Worland Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management. The approximate center of the study area is 43.9608 degrees North latitude and 108.8828 degrees West longitude. The general area consists of lowland creeks (approximate average elevation of 1900 m) covered by mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), grasses and forbs, interspersed with higher ridges (approximate average elevation of 2100 m) covered by mountain big sagebrush, grasses and forbs with some sparsely forested areas containing Limber pine (Pinus flexilis), and Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) on steeper north-facing slopes.
Project Background
This site was measured as part of a cooperative U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Land Management project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program.
IMAGE_OF_SAMPLE: 
END_SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION.
COMPOSITIONAL_ANALYSIS_TYPE: None
COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION:
END_COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION.
TRACE_ELEMENT_ANALYSIS:
TRACE_ELEMENT_DISCUSSION:
END_TRACE_ELEMENT_DISCUSSION.
SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION:
END_SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION.
SPECTRAL_PURITY: 1a2_3_4_ # 1= 0.2-3, 2= 1.5-6, 3= 6-25, 4= 20-150 microns