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USGS Spectral Library Version 7 Sample Description

Kokaly, R.F., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Livo, K.E., Hoefen, T.M., Pearson, N.C., Wise, R.A., Benzel, W.M., Lowers, H.A., Driscoll, R.L., and Klein, A.J., 2017, USGS Spectral Library Version 7: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1035, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1035
For more information on the library, see: local link web link

TITLE: Oil23_Water77 DWH10-3 DESCRIPT

DOCUMENTATION_FORMAT: Man_Made

SAMPLE_ID: DWH10-3

MATERIAL_TYPE: weathered oil

MATERIAL: Weathered oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill

FORMULA:

FORMULA_HTML:

COLLECTION_LOCALITY: Gulf of Mexico

COLLECTION_LATITUDE: 28deg 53' 57.0" N

COLLECTION_LONGITUDE: 89deg 05' 50.7" W

DATUM: WGS-84

ORIGINAL_DONOR: Gregg Swayze , USGS

CURRENT_SAMPLE_LOCATION: USGS, Denver

ULTIMATE_SAMPLE_LOCATION:

SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION:

Sample is an emulsified oil collected from the Gulf of Mexico soon after the start of the Deepwater Horizon (Macondo-252, BP 2010) oil spill in 2010. The original sample had a 60:40 oil to water ratio. This sample was then separated into oil and water using a heat lamp and recombined into oil water emulsions of different percentages. The water used was oil free water from the Gulf of Mexico collected the same day.

IMAGE_OF_SAMPLE:Not Available

END_SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION.

XRD_ANALYSIS:

None

END_XRD_ANALYSIS.

COMPOSITIONAL_ANALYSIS_TYPE: None

COMPOSITION_TRACE: None

COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION:

No additional compositional details available.

END_COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION.

MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION:

END_MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION.

SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION: Spectra of seven thicknesses of the 23:77 oil to water emulsion were made: 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.85, 4, and 8 mm. The spectra show C-H absorptions at 1.2, 1.7 and 2.25 microns and decreasing reflectivity and decreasing band depth for thinner emulsions. The reflectance level and oil:water ratio can vary by up to plus or minus 10% from its reported value given uncertainties in the oil:water ratio of the prepared sample, its water droplet size, and the optical configuration used to measure it.

This spectrum was published and described in:
Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Leifer, I. Livo, K.E., Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T., Lundeen, S., Eastwood, M., Green, R.O., Pearson, N., Sarture, C., McCubbin, I., Roberts, D., Bradley, E., Steele, D., Ryan, T., Dominguez, R., and the Air borne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Team, 2010, A method for quantitative mapping of thick oil spills using imaging spectroscopy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1167, 51 p.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1167/

END_SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION.

SPECTRAL_PURITY: 1a2_3_4_ # 1= 0.2-3, 2= 1.5-6, 3= 6-25, 4= 20-150 microns