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DOCUMENTATION_FORMAT: Man_Made
SAMPLE_ID: DWH10-3
MATERIAL_TYPE: weathered oil
MATERIAL: Weathered oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill
FORMULA:
FORMULA_HTML:
COLLECTION_LOCALITY: Gulf of Mexico
COLLECTION_LATITUDE: 28deg 53' 57.0" N
COLLECTION_LONGITUDE: 89deg 05' 50.7" W
DATUM: WGS-84
ORIGINAL_DONOR: Gregg Swayze , USGS
CURRENT_SAMPLE_LOCATION: USGS, Denver
ULTIMATE_SAMPLE_LOCATION:
SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION:
Sample is an emulsified oil collected from the Gulf of Mexico soon after the start of the Deepwater Horizon (Macondo-252, BP 2010) oil spill in 2010. The original sample had a 60:40 oil to water ratio. This sample was then separated into oil and water using a heat lamp and recombined into oil water emulsions of different percentages. The water used was oil free water from the Gulf of Mexico collected the same day. This sample has an oil: water ratio of ~ 1.3:98.7 formed by adding seawater to the separated oil.
IMAGE_OF_SAMPLE:Not Available
END_SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION.
XRD_ANALYSIS:
None
END_XRD_ANALYSIS.
COMPOSITIONAL_ANALYSIS_TYPE: None
COMPOSITION_TRACE: None
COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION:
No additional compositional details available.
END_COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION.
MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION:
END_MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION.
SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION:
This particular spectrum is of a 1.3:98.7 oil to water mixture with two drops of soap to help emulsify the oil. This shows weak absorptions from the C-H stretch at 2.3, 1.7 and 1.2um. Both spectra are of the same mixture with different degrees of stirring to create oil film bubbles. Both spectra were of emulsion samples ~28mm thick. The reflectance level and oil:water ratio can vary by up to plus or minus 10% from its reported value given uncertainties in the oil:water ratio of the prepared sample, its water droplet size, and the optical configuration used to measure it.
This spectrum was published and described in:
Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Leifer, I. Livo, K.E., Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T., Lundeen, S., Eastwood, M., Green, R.O., Pearson, N., Sarture, C., McCubbin, I., Roberts, D., Bradley, E., Steele, D., Ryan, T., Dominguez, R., and the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Team, 2010, A method for quantitative mapping of thick oil spills using imaging spectroscopy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1167, 51 p.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1167/
END_SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION.
SPECTRAL_PURITY: 1a2_3_4_ # 1= 0.2-3, 2= 1.5-6, 3= 6-25, 4= 20-150 microns