Sample Description USGS Spectral Library Version 7

USGS Spectral Library Version 7 Sample Description

Kokaly, R.F., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Livo, K.E., Hoefen, T.M., Pearson, N.C., Wise, R.A., Benzel, W.M., Lowers, H.A., Driscoll, R.L., and Klein, A.J., 2017, USGS Spectral Library Version 7: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1035, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1035
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TITLE: Copiapite GDS21 DESCRIPT

DOCUMENTATION_FORMAT: MINERAL

SAMPLE_ID: GDS21

MINERAL_TYPE: Sulfate

MINERAL: Copiapite (Copiapite group)

FORMULA: Fe+2(Fe+3)4(SO4)6(OH)2*20H2O

FORMULA_HTML: Fe⁺²Fe⁺³₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂•20H₂O

COLLECTION_LOCALITY: Cyprus

ORIGINAL_DONOR: MIT Mineral Collection, Dave Sherman

CURRENT_SAMPLE_LOCATION: USGS Denver Spectroscopy Laboratory

ULTIMATE_SAMPLE_LOCATION: USGS Denver Spectroscopy Laboratory

SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION:

IMAGE_OF_SAMPLE:

END_SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION.

XRD_ANALYSIS:

40 kV - 30 mA, 6.5-9.5 keV (smear mount on quartz, copiapit.out);
40 kV - 30 mA, 7.3-9.5 keV (slurry onto quartz plate, copiapt2.out)
References: JCPDS #35-583, 29-714, 20-659, 19-394, 33-1472, 42-599, 27-77
Found: two members of the copiapite group; perhaps at least one additional phase

Comment: The original pattern (copiapit.out) was barren above 30 degrees; a second pattern showed little above 38 degrees but the strip chart revealed that some reflections at low 2 theta are doublets, indicating the presence of two phases having related structures. The intensity ratio is about 5:2. There are seven mineral species in the copiapite group. I have not succeeded in completely indexing the pattern, using the JCPDS data, so I don't know which copiapite species (or solid solutions) are present. EDA analysis (on the SEM) shows a aluminum and silicon in addition Fe, S, and O. This results could indicate that one of the copiapites is Al-rich. Also that a trace of quartz is present (there are what I call insignificant peaks at the positions of the strong quartz (100) and (101) reflections - insignificant because they could just as likely be background noise. A hand-specimen with crystals suitable for single- crystal X-ray diffraction would help us sort out the copiapite species present."

J.S. Huebner, J. Pickrell, and T. Schaefer, 1994, written communication.

END_XRD_ANALYSIS.

COMPOSITIONAL_ANALYSIS_TYPE: None # XRF, EPMA, ICP(Trace), WChem

COMPOSITION_TRACE: None

COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION:

END_COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION.

MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION:

Yellow color, good rhombic(?) cleavage, inclined extinction, length fast, unable to get good interference figure because of preferred cleavage orientations. Trace pink transparent mineral. G. Swayze.

END_MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION.

SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION:

END_SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION.

SPECTRAL_PURITY: 1b2b3c4_ # 1= 0.2-3, 2= 1.5-6, 3= 6-25, 4= 20-150 microns