Sample Description USGS Spectral Library Version 7

USGS Spectral Library Version 7 Sample Description

Kokaly, R.F., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Livo, K.E., Hoefen, T.M., Pearson, N.C., Wise, R.A., Benzel, W.M., Lowers, H.A., Driscoll, R.L., and Klein, A.J., 2017, USGS Spectral Library Version 7: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1035, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1035
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TITLE: Cement WTC01-37A DESCRIPT

DOCUMENTATION_FORMAT: Man_Made

SAMPLE_ID: WTC01-37A

MATERIAL_TYPE: Cement + Gypsum

MATERIAL: Cement + Gypsum

FORMULA: CaSO4*2H2O (Gypsum)

FORMULA_HTML: CaSO₄•2H₂O (Gypsum)

COLLECTION_LOCALITY: Fifty meters west of the debris pile created from collapse of the World Trade Center tower 1 on September 18th, 2001.

See: Roger N. Clark and others, Environmental Studies of the World Trade Center area after the September 11, 2001 attack, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report OFR-01-0429. This report is available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0429/

Also see: Swayze, G.A., R.N. Clark, S.J. Sutley, T.M. Hoefen, G.S. Plumlee, G.P. Meeker, I.K. Brownfield, K.E. Livo, and L.C. Morath, 2006, Chapter 3: Spectroscopic and x-ray diffraction analyses of asbestos in the World Trade Center dust: in Urban Aerosols and Their Impacts: Lessons Learned from the World Trade Center Tragedy, J.S. Gaffney and N.A. Marley (eds.), American Chemical Society Symposium Series 919, p. 40-65.

ORIGINAL_DONOR: Todd Hoefen and Gregg Swayze

CURRENT_SAMPLE_LOCATION: USGS Denver Sample Archive Bld. 20 Denver Federal Center

ULTIMATE_SAMPLE_LOCATION: USGS Denver Sample Archive Bld. 20 Denver Federal Center

SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION:

Sample of concrete debris from the World Trade Center Tower 1. Concrete sample is covered in gypsum from WTC debris. It should also be noted that concrete in general can contain small amounts of gypsum although this particular sample appears not to contain any according to the XRD analysis.

END_SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION.

XRD_ANALYSIS:

Quartz (major), albite (major), portlandite (minor), magnesiohornblende (minor), orthoclase (trace), muscovite (trace).

END_XRD_ANALYSIS.

COMPOSITIONAL_ANALYSIS_TYPE: None # XRF, EPMA, ICP(Trace), WChem

COMPOSITION_TRACE: None

COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION:

END_COMPOSITION_DISCUSSION.

MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION:

END_MICROSCOPIC_EXAMINATION.

SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION:

The spectrum is dominated by gypsum absorption features at 1.45, 1.75, 1.94, 2.21, and 2.27 microns. Spectrum labeled WTC01-37Ac is of the sample exterior.

END_SPECTROSCOPIC_DISCUSSION.

SPECTRAL_PURITY: 1a2_3_4_ # 1= 0.2-3, 2= 1.5-6, 3= 6-25, 4= 20-150 microns